Alcoholism | Homeless Teens | HIV/AIDS and Teens | Academic Pressure | Mentoring Resources According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2003), alcohol is by far the most frequently used drug in the United States. In addition to its purchase and consumption being legal for those aged 21 and older, alcoholic beverages are readily available and socially acceptable in most parts of the United States. Alcohol is also relatively inexpensive, as compared with the unit dose prices for many other intoxicating drugs. Click here for more information. Alcohol Alert. Published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Underage Drinking: Why do Adolescents Drink, What Are the Risks and How Can Underage Drinking be Prevented? Click here for more information.
As many as 700,000 Americans are homeless on any given night.
Source: SAMHSA’s National Mental Health Information Center, 2007 An estimated 20 to 25 % of the 700,000 individuals have a serious mental illness, and one-half of this subgroup have an alcohol and/or drug problem. Minorities, especially African Americans, are over-represented among homeless persons with mental illness.
Source: SAMHSA’s National Mental Health Information Center, 2007 An estimated 842,000 adults and children are homeless in a given week…as many as 3.5 million over the course of a year. While almost half (44%) of people who are homeless work at least part-time, their monthly income averages only $367 compared to the median monthly income for U.S. households of $2,840. Those who have disabilities and are unable to work can find it nearly impossible to secure affordable housing in virtually every major housing market in the country. Source: Burt et al., 1999 According to County and City Officials, the number of homeless individuals is: Baltimore City (2005): 3,000 Baltimore County (2005): 1,500 Anne Arundel County (2006): 307 Carroll County (2007): 120 Harford County (2007): 145 Howard County (2007): 171 Source: Examiner-Special Report “No Place Like Home”, 2007 According to County Officials, the number of homeless children in the Public School System is: Baltimore County: 973 Anne Arundel County: 352 Harford County: 250 Howard County: 241 Carroll County: 52 Source: Examiner-Special Report “No Place Like Home”, 2007 The majority of the homeless population is homeless for a short period of time. Their experience is often caused by a natural disaster, a house fire, or a community evacuation. Source: Link et al., 1999 & Thompson , 2003 A much smaller group, approximately as many as 500,000 people, have greater difficulty ending their homelessness. One researcher who examined a sample of this group over a two-year period found that: - About 80 % exit from homelessness within about 2–3 weeks. They often have more personal, social, and economic resources to draw on than people who are homeless for longer periods of time.
- About 10% are homeless for up to two months, with housing availability and affordability adding to the time they are homeless.
- Another group of about 10% is homeless on a chronic, protracted basis as long as 7–8 months in a two-year period. Disabilities associated with mental illnesses and substance use are common among this group. On any given night, this group can account for up to 50% of those seeking emergency shelter.
Source: Culhane, 1995 Among the structural factors that contribute greatly to homelessness are poverty, a decline in the number of affordable housing and disability Source: Mishel et al.,1999; United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2001; O'Hara & Miller, 2000 While only four percent of the U.S. population has a serious mental illness, five to six times as many people who are homeless (20-25%) have serious mental illnesses. Source: Rosenheck, Barruk, & Salomon , 1999 Individual risk factors that may increase people’s vulnerability to becoming homeless and experiencing homelessness on a longer basis including untreated mental illness, substance abuse and co-occurring mental illnesses and substance use disorders. Other circumstances include domestic violence, chronic or unexpected health care expenses, release from incarceration, “aging out” of youth systems such as foster care, or divorce or separation. Source: Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness, 1992 According to Burt et al. (1999): The majority are unaccompanied adults, but the number of homeless families is growing: - 66% are single adults, and of these, three-quarters are men
- 11% are parents with children, 84% of whom are single women
- 23% are children under 18 with a parent, 42% of whom are under 5 years of age
Racial and ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans, are overrepresented: - 41% are non-Hispanic whites (compared to 76% of the general population)
- 40% are African Americans (compared to 11% of the general population)
- 11% are Hispanic (compared to 9% of the general population)
- 8% are Native American (compared to 1% of the general population)
Homelessness continues to be a largely urban phenomenon: - 71% are in central cities
- 21% are in suburbs
- 9% are in rural areas
People who are homeless frequently report health problems: - 38% report alcohol use problems
- 26% report other drug use problems
- 39% report some form of mental health problems (20-25% meet criteria for serious mental illness)
- 66% report either substance use and/or mental health problems
- 3% report having HIV/AIDS
- 26% report acute health problems other than HIV/AIDS such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, or sexually transmitted diseases
- 46% report chronic health conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or cancer
People who are homeless also have high rates of other background characteristics: - 23% are veterans (compared to 13% of the general population)
- 25% were physically or sexually abused as children
- 27% were in foster care or institutions as children
- 21% were homeless as children
- 54% were incarcerated at some point of their lives
Homelessness affects children's mental health, and causes emotional and behavioral problems. - Anxiety, depression, withdrawal, and other clinical problems are found in 12 percent of preschoolers and 47 percent of school-age children.
- 16 percent of preschoolers have behavior problems including severe aggression and hostility.
- 36 percent of school age children exhibit delinquent or aggressive behavior.
Homelessness causes educational and learning difficulties for children. - At least one fifth of children who are homeless do not attend school and more than one fourth have attended three or more schools in a year.
- Children who are homeless are diagnosed with learning disabilities such as dyslexia or speech and language impediments twice as often as other children.
- Children who are homeless are twice as likely to repeat a grade as other children.
Homelessness affects children in other ways. - Homeless children go hungry at twice the rate of other children. They also experience illnesses such as stomach problems, ear infections, and asthma at higher rates.
- Nearly 25 percent have witnessed acts of violence in their families, usually against their mother.
- They experience physical and sexual abuse at two to three times the rate of other children.
- In one year, 22 percent of homeless children spend some time apart from their immediate family, with 12 percent being placed in foster care.
References Burt, M.R., Aron, L.Y., Douglas, T., Valente, J., Lee, E., Iwen, B. (1999) Homelessness: Programs and the People They Serve. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless. Burt, M.R., Aron, L.Y., Lee, E., and Valente, J.J., (2001) Helping America's Homeless. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. Culhane, D. & Kuhn, R. A typology of homelessness by pattern of public shelter utilization. Personal communication, March 1996. Culhane, D., Chang-Moo, L., Wachter, S. (1996) Where the homeless come from: A study of the prior address distribution of families admitted to public shelters in New York City and Philadelphia. Housing Policy Debate, 7-2: 327-365. Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. (1992) Outcasts on Main Street. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless. Lezak, A.D., Edgar, E. (1998) Preventing Homelessness Among People with Serious Mental Illnesses. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services. Link, B., Phelan, J., Bresnahan, M., Stueve, A., Moore, R., Susser, E. (1995) Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 65(3): 347-354.
Mishel, L., Bernstein, J., Schmitt, J. (1999) The State of Working America 1998-1999. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.
O'Hara, A., Miller, E. (2000) Priced Out in 2000: The Crisis Continues. Boston, MA: Technical Assistance Collaborative, Inc.
Rosenheck, R., Barruk, E., Salomon, A. (1999) Special populations of homeless Americans. In Fosburg, L. Dennis, D. (eds), Practical Lessons. Washington, D.C.: HHS & HUD. Koegel, P., Burnam, M.A., Baumohl, J. (1996) The causes of homelessness. In Baumohl, J. (ed), Homelessness in America. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 24-33. Cordray, D., Lehman, A., (1993) Prevalence of alcohol, drug, and mental disorders among the homeless. Contemporary Drug Problems 20: 355-384. SAMHSA’s National Mental Health Information Center, 2007 http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/Homelessness/ Thompson T.G. (2003). Ending Chronic Homelessness: Strategies for Action. Report from the Secretary’s Workgroup on Ending Chronic Homelessness. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (2001) A Report on Worst Case Housing Needs in 1999. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.
Links to Key Websites for Homelessness, Mental Health and Housing Federal Sites SAMHSA-PATH Program
http://pathprogram.samhsa.gov/ Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov ADS Center: Resource Center to Address Discrimination and Stigma
http://www.adscenter.org Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm Bureau of Primary Health Care (BPHC)
http://www.bphc.hrsa.gov Codetalk
http://www.codetalk.fed.us Center for Mental Health Services
http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/Homelessness/ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
http://www.cms.hhs.gov Emergency Food and Shelter National Board Program (EFSP)
http://www.efsp.unitedway.org Federal Judiciary Homepage
http://www.uscourts.gov FedWorld Information Network
http://www.fedworld.gov Grants.gov
http://grants.gov/ HUD's Housing for the Homeless site
http://www.hud.gov/homeless/index.cfm HUD User
http://www.huduser.org Interagency Council on Homelessness
http://www.ich.gov U.S. Legislative Branch
http://thomas.loc.gov/home/legbranch/
legbranch.html National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI)
http://www.health.org National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
http://www.nimh.nih.gov SAMHSA’s National Mental Health Information Center
http://www.mentalhealth.org SAMHSA’s Partners for Recovery
http://www.pfr.samhsa.gov/ Social Security Administration (SSA)
http://www.ssa.gov Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
http://www.samhsa.gov THOMAS: Legislative Information on the Internet
http://thomas.loc.gov U.S. Census Bureau
http://www.census.gov U.S. Government Printing Office
http://www.gpo.gov U.S. Department of Education
http://www.ed.gov U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
http://www.hhs.gov U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
http://www.hrsa.gov U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
http://www.hud.gov U.S. Department of Labor
http://www.doleta.gov U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
http://www.va.gov U.S. Executive Branch websites
http://www.lcweb.loc.gov/global/
executive/fed.html
U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO)
http://www.gao.gov Non-Federal Sites American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
http://www.aacap.org American Psychiatric Association (APA)
http://www.psych.org American Psychological Association (APA)
http://www.apa.org American Public Health Association (APHA)
http://www.apha.org Advocates for Human Potential
http://www.ahpnet.com/HousingHomeless.html Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law
http://www.bazelon.org Center for Mental Health Policy
http://www.psych.uic.edu/mhsrp Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation
http://web.bu.edu/CPR Center for Urban Community Services (CUCS)
http://www.cucs.org Community of Science Web Server
http://www.cos.com/services Corporation for Supportive Housing (CSH)
http://www.csh.org The Council on Foundations
http://www.cof.org Depression and Bipolar Alliance
http://www.dbsalliance.org/ Depression and Related Affective Disorders Association
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/drada Dual Diagnosis Website
http://users.erols.com/ksciacca Enterprise Foundation
http://www.enterprisefoundation.org Fannie Mae Foundation Housing Research
http://www.fanniemaefoundation.org Frequently Asked Non-profit Questions
http://www.nonprofit-info.org/npofaq Frontier Mental Health Services Resource Center
http://www.wiche.edu/mentalhealth/frontier/
index.htm Guidestar
http://www.guidestar.org Habitat for Humanity
http://www.habitat.org Health Care for the Homeless Information Resource Center
http://www.bphc.hrsa.gov/hchirc HomeBase: The Center for Common Concerns
http://www.homebaseccc.org/ Homes for the Homeless
http://www.homesforthehomeless.com Housing Assistance Council
http://www.ruralhome.org Hunger Web
http://www.brown.edu/Departments/
World_Hunger_Program Idealist.Org: Action Without Borders
Internet Nonprofit Center
http://www.nonprofits.org Internet Mental Health
http://www.mentalhealth.com Internet Resources for Non-profits
http://www.uticapubliclibrary.org/non-profit/directory.html Lois Lannin Presents Homeless Shelters in the U.S.
http://www.gtii.com/members/lannin/shelters/us.htm Madness: A Website of Internet Resources for the MADNESS e-mail list
http://www.peoplewho.org/madness Mental Health InfoSource
http://www.mhsource.com National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI)
http://www.nami.org http://www.idealist.org National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH)
http://www.endhomelessness.org National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials (NAHRO)
http://www.nahro.org National Association of Local Housing Finance Agencies (NALHFA)
http://www.nalhfa.org National Center on Family Homelessness
www.familyhomelessness.org National Child Traumatic Stress Network
http://www.nctsn.org National Clearinghouse on Families and Youth
http://www.ncfy.com National Coalition for Homeless Veterans
http://www.nchv.org National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH)
http://www.nationalhomeless.org National Dissemination Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities
http://www.nichcy.org National Empowerment Center
http://www.power2u.org National Health Care for the Homeless Council
http://www.nhchc.org National Home of Your Own Alliance
http://alliance.unh.edu National Housing Institute
http://www.nhi.org National Housing Trust Fund Campaign
http://www.nhtf.org National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR)
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/NIDRR National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty (NLCHP)
http://www.nlchp.org National Low Income Housing Coalition
http://www.nlihc.org National Mental Health Association (NMHA)
http://www.nmha.org National Mental Health Consumers Self-Help Clearinghouse
http://www.mhselfhelp.org National Network for Youth
http://www.nn4youth.org/ National Policy and Advocacy Council on Homelessness
http://www.homelessnesscouncil.org National Rehabilitation Information Center
http://www.naric.com National Research and Training Center on Psychiatric Disability
http://www.psych.uic.edu/uicnrtc National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness
Phone: 800-444-7415
E-mail: nrtc@samhsa.hhs.gov National Stigma Clearinghouse
http://community.webtv.net/stigmanet National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health
http://www.gucdc.georgetown.edu/cassp.html National Technical Assistance Center for State Mental Health Planning (NTAC), at the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD)
http://www.nasmhpd.org/ntac.cfm North American Street Newspaper Association (NASNA)
http://www.nasna.org/ Psychiatry On-Line
http://www.priory.co.uk/psych.htm Research and Training Center for Children's Mental Health
http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health
http://www.rtc.pdx.edu Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF)
http://www.rwjf.org/index.jsp Technical Assistance Collaborative (TAC)
http://www.tacinc.org Urban Institute
http://www.urban.org Woodstock Institute
http://www.woodstockinst.org
Defining HIV & AIDS: HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV causes AIDS and is a virus that lives and multiplies primarily in white blood cells which are a part of the immune system, causing a severe depletion of these cells over time. HIV can be transferred among people if an infected person's blood or other bodily fluid comes in contact with the blood, broken skin, or mucous membranes of an uninfected person. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding.
Source: NIDA For Teens, 2006 For the United States, the latest numbers indicate that by 2004, 1 million Americans were living with HIV and 1 in 4 of them do not know it.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2006
Every day in America, approximately 10 young people between the ages of 13 and 24 are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Among the most common causes of youth’s infection are through risky behaviors associated with drug use.
Source: NIDA, 2006
CDC estimates that about one-fourth of HIV-infected individuals in the United States are unaware of their infection, which increases the likelihood of HIV transmission.
Source: CDC, 2006 According to CDC, an estimated 40,000 young people age 13 to 24 in the United States had been diagnosed with AIDS. This number represents approximately 4 % of the cumulative AIDS cases through 2004. And the trend was increasing- from 4.3 % diagnosed with AIDS in 2000 to 5.3 % in 2004.
Source: CDC 2005 African Americans age 13 to 19 represent only 15 % of the U.S. teenage population, but accounted for 66 % of new AIDS cases in 2003.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents 2005 There are certain populations at an increased risk for HIV/AIDS: - While African Americans made up about 13 % of the U.S. population in 2004, they accounted for half of the total AIDS cases diagnosed.
- Hispanics made up about 13 % of the population in 2004, yet they accounted for 18 %t of new diagnoses reported in the 35 areas with long-term, confidential name-based HIV reporting in the United States.
- Women remain a particularly vulnerable population, and accounted for 29 % of all HIV diagnoses in 2004.
- African-American women accounted for 69 % of female HIV diagnoses during 2000-2003.
- In 2001, HIV infection was the leading cause of death for African-American women, aged 25-34; African-American men of all ages; and Hispanic women, aged 35-44.
- MSM (men having sex with other men) and IDUs (Injection Drug Users) remain the largest transmission categories.
Source: NIDA InfoFacts 2005 Comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention, which includes the strategies and components of community-based outreach, drug abuse treatment, and sterile syringe access programs -- all in combination with testing and counseling for HIV and other infections -- currently is the most effective approach for preventing the spread of HIV, other blood-borne infections, and STDs in drug-using populations.
Source: NIDA Principles of HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations 2005 By the end of 2004, an estimated 178,000 African-Americans were living with AIDS…the highest proportion of any racial/ethnic group.
Source: NIDA Research Report Series/HIV & AIDS 2005,2006 HIV/AIDS is now the leading cause of death among all African Americans ages 25-44, ahead of heart disease, accidents, cancer and homicide.
Source: Anderson & Smith, 2002 From 2000-2004, the annual number of AIDS diagnoses attributable to heterosexual contact increased 18% among women and 24% among men.
Source: CDC HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 2005 In 2003, men having sex with men (MSM) and those exposed through heterosexual contact together accounted for approximately 77% of cases, with MSM accounting for approximately 46% of total cases of AIDS.
Source: CDC HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 2005 NIDA’s extensive prevention research indicates that comprehensive HIV prevention strategies encompassing drug addition treatment, community based outreach, testing and counseling for HIV and other infections is the most effective way to reduce the risk of transmitting and contracting HIV. Such interventions can be cost effective and reliable in preventing new HIV infections among diverse populations of drug abusers and their communities.
Source: NIDA Principles of HIV Prevention in Drug-Using Populations 2005 Research indicates that routine HIV screening in healthcare settings among populations with a prevalence rate as low as 1% is as cost effective as screening for other conditions such as breast cancer and high blood pressure. HIV screening can lower healthcare costs by preventing high risk behaviors and decreasing virus transmission.
Source: Sanders et al. 2005; Paltiel et al. 2005 Total reported AIDS cases by major counties in 2004:
Baltimore City: 14, 356 Baltimore County: 2,039 Prince George’s County: 4, 528 Montgomery County: 2,306 Anne Arundel County: 851 Harford County: 316 Howard County: 281 Wicomico County: 249 Washington County: 246 Frederick County: 223 Source: Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. HIV/AIDS Annual Report, 2006 References Anderson RN, Smith BL. Deaths: Leading causes for 2001. Natl Vit Stat Rep 52(9):27-33, 2002. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Adolescents, L265 Slide Series (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/graphics/adolesnt.htm). Atlanta, GA: CDC, DHHS. Retrieved November 2005. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention. Basic Statistics AIDS Cases by Exposure Category (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats.htm#exposure). Atlanta, GA: CDC, DHHS. Retrieved November 2005. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Research Report Series on HIV/AIDS (http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/hiv/hiv.html). Bethesda, MD: NIDA, NIH, DHHS. Retrieved November 2005, Revised 2006 Paltiel DA, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, Seage GR, Losina E, Hong Zhang SM, Freedberg KA, Walensky RP. Expanded Screening for HIV in the United States—An analysis of cost effectiveness. N Engl J Med 352(6):586-595, 2005. Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Sundaaram V, Bilir SP, Neukermans CP, Rydzak CE, Douglass LR, Lazzeroni LC, Holodniy M, Owens DK. Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 352(6):570-585, 2005.
Resources To learn more about the link between HIV and drug abuse, go to NIDA’s HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse
http://www.nida.nih.gov/Drugpages/HIV.html NIDA For Teens
teens.drugabuse.gov. Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Strategies on HIV/AIDS
http://www.jhuccp.org/topics/hivaids.shtml World Health Organization- HIV/AIDS & Adolescents
http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/HIV/HIV_adolescents.htm Information for Students & Adults, Parents & Teachers, Researchers, Physicians & Other Professionals and Publications on HIV/AIDS and drugs can be found in: http://www.drugabuse.gov/ Youth & HIV/AIDS
http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/l12edsum.shtml Maryland Service Providers Maryland AIDS Hotline In Maryland, (Bilingual) 800-638-6252 , In Metro DC. & VA: (800) 322-7432, Hispanic AIDS Hotline: (301) 949-0945, Baltimore only TTY area: (410) 333-2437 HERO Health Education Resource Organization, Inc. (HERO) is Baltimore’s oldest and largest private, non-profit, community based HIV/AIDS service organization. HERO was founded in 1983 as an educational resource to combat hysteria surrounding HIV. As epidemic demographics changed, HERO’s programs, staff and Board of Directors responded to meet emerging needs. Prescription Programs for People Living with HIV and AIDS. The AIDS Administration provides prescription coverage for PLWH/A's through the Maryland AIDS Drug Assistance Program, or MADAP. MADAP is a statewide program which helps low-to-moderate income Maryland residents who are HIV-infected. HERO Programs and Services Comprehensive Case Management, Housing Services, Legal Services, Mental Health Services, Prevention Education, and the Community Resource Center Chase Brexton Health Services Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, Chase Brexton has been a local pioneer in providing health care for people living with HIV.Chase Brexton offers a variety of HIV medical services. These include a complete history and physical exam; ongoing follow-up visits; a mental health evaluation; diagnostic tests; infusion therapies/transfusions; nutritional assessment and consultations; home care and sub-specialty consultations. When necessary, patients may be admitted to one of several hospitals or hospices throughout the Baltimore Metropolitan Area. All services are provided by appointment only Covered Medications: The Maryland AIDS Drug Assistance Program Johns Hopkins AIDS Services The Whitman-Walker Clinic of Suburban Maryland (WWC/MD) WWC/MD was established in 1991 as a nonprofit community based health organization committed to providing health services to all adults affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic throughout suburban Maryland. University of Maryland HIV AIDS Information Guide Case Management Services Agencies offer on-going case management and consultation to HIV infected individuals who are not able to access services without assistance. These agencies may be community based or located at a health clinic, or hospital. Case managers can link clients to appropriate services and help them develop the skills and resources they need to access services on their own. Proof of HIV status will be required in order to start services Health Care for the Homeless Provides health-related services, education and advocacy to reduce the incidence and burdens of homelessness in Maryland Legal Resources Peoples Law. Org This online Library is a Maryland public legal information resource for moderate-income individuals and families. We are a non-profit supported by grants and the Maryland non-profit legal services providers. We are working with libraries and senior centers to set up outreach centers throughout the state. The ACLU of Maryland The American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland works to ensure that all people in the state of Maryland are free to think and speak as they choose and can lead their lives free from discrimination and unwarranted government intrusion. We are guided in our work by the United States Bill of Rights and the Maryland Declaration of Rights. The Maryland ACLU acts without partisanship to achieve these goals. General Assistance Maryland AIDS Resource Guide - Financial Assistance Movable Feast Meals Assistance Family and Children's Services The Baltimore City Health Department Maryland Health Services. The Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Maryland Social Services Information and Treatment Resources Página inicial de Project Inform en español en el web Project Inform HIV/AIDS information in Spanish HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Services. The HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) is your central resource for federally approved treatment guidelines for HIV and AIDS Drug Treatment Fact Sheets from the AIDS Treatment Data Network Clinical Trials Information from the Clinical Trials Information Services AEGIS Daily Briefings The AIDS Education Global Information System is an online bulletin board system (BBS) devoted to HIV/AIDS. Information Resources from the HIV InfoWeb Alternative Treatment Information from the Treatment Data Network
Advocacy and Support Organizations
AIDS Action A National advocacy assosciation for people living with HIV/AIDS. There is a Baltimore chapter. PWA Coalition of Baltimore The PWA/HIV Coalition of Baltimore is a group of people living with HIV disease. We Include people of all races, genders, ages and sexual orientations. Our mission is to enhance the quality of our lives through service to each other and active involvement in the community HIV/AIDS Volunteer Enrichment Network, Inc.(HAVEN) H.A.V.E.N. is a volunteer-based, non-profit agency, located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, working to enhance the quality-of-life of people affected by HIV or AIDS. We work with a modest pool of private, corporate, and local-government funding AIDS Legislative Committee The AIDS Legislative Committee is supported by concerned citizens, AIDS activists, PWA's and their families, service providers, and local AIDS organizations. You Are Never Alone The mission of YANA is to reach out in love to women and girls and others exploited through prostitution, offering alternatives to those who are interested in change National Pediatric AIDS Network NPAN is a resource for information on children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS. NPAN provides access to information about such topics as: treatment; clinical trials; services for children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS;conferences; publications and other information resources; and educational resources The National Association of People Living with AIDS (NAPWA) NAPWA advocates on behalf of all people living with HIV and AIDS in order to end the pandemic and the human suffering caused by HIV/AIDS. The National Minority AIDS Council The National Minority AIDS Council (NMAC), established in 1987, is the premier national organization dedicated to developing leadership within communities of color to address the challenges of HIV/AIDS. Entitlements and Assistance Programs Medicaid An overview of the Maryland Medicaid program. Health Insurance Programs for People Living with AIDS The Maryland AIDS Insurance Assistance Program (MAIAP)
Housing Assistance Homeless Assistance Generally speaking, homeless individuals and families are those who are sleeping in places not meant for human habitation, such as cars, parks, sidewalks, and abandoned buildings, or those who are sleeping in an emergency shelter as a primary nighttime residence. Persons may also be considered as homeless if they are living in transitional or supportive housing for homeless persons but originally came from streets or emergency shelters; ordinarily sleep in transitional or supportive housing for homeless persons but are spending a short time (30 consecutive days or less) in a hospital or other institution; are being evicted within a week from private dwelling units and no subsequent residences have been identified and they lack resources and supportive networks needed to obtain access to housing; or are being discharged within a week from institutions in which they have been residents for more than 30 consecutive days and no subsequent residences have been identified and they lack the resources and support networks needed to obtain access to housing. HIV AIDS Housing Information The lack of affordable and medically appropriate housing for persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families is an ongoing concern for AIDS housing providers, policy makers, and advocates across the country. Stable housing promotes improved health status, sobriety or decreased use of nonprescription drugs, and a return for some persons with AIDS to productive work and social activities. Stable housing is the cornerstone of HIV/AIDS treatment. Housing Opportunities (HOPWA) for People Living with AIDS from the U.S. Department of Housing
Online Support Groups
Online support groups HIV-Support is an unmoderated, mutual self help, internet discussion list open to both men and women who are HIV Positive, their significant others, or their proxies, regardless of sexual orientation, to share emotional support, medical information, and their everyday life experiences. Provider Education Mental Health Providers: An Online Course; Counseling Clients with HIV/AIDS Mental Health Resources Maryland Mental Health Online Resources for Marylanders Medications, Treatment, and Medical Services HIV Patient Education from GlaxoSmithLkine Currently approved drugs for HIV: A comparative chart Treatment issues Medication side effects Hospitals and clinics State Medicaid program contact Maryland AIDS Drug Assistance Program Formulary (covered medications) Online Bulletin Boards and Resources for Specific Populations Gay Men Children and Teens Women Healthcare Workers The Military En Espanol Religious and Spiritual Issues AIDS Pastoral Care Network AIDS National Interfaith Network Computerized AIDS Ministries The Buddhist AIDS Project Metropolitan Community Church United Methodist Church AIDS Ministries National Episcopal AIDS Coalition National Catholic AIDS Network Additional Resource Updates Maryland Alliance of Information and Referral Systems MIRPC strives to insure an effective response to the information needs of Maryland residents, and to facilitate increased, ongoing cooperation among service providers. The Deaf AIDS Project The Deaf and Hard of Hearing Community is recognized as a population at severe risk for acquiring HIV by all five regions of the state of Maryland.
Out Front-Baltimore Out Front is Baltimore area’s HIV prevention program for young men who love men and their friends. Out Front is a partnership between AIDS Action Baltimore; the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgendered Community Center of Baltimore and Central Maryland (GLCCB); and Planned Parenthood Complementary Treatment Mind and Body From The Body: An AIDS and Information Resource Complementary Therapies Complementary therapies have been attractive, and a necessity of life for PWAs since the beginning of the HIV epidemic. Positively Aware is committed to providing easy-to-understand health information, including complementary therapy, to help people living with HIV make informed choices in regard to their treatment A Practical Guide to Complementary Therapies for People Living With HIV Diet, Nutrition and Herbs Nutrition Resouces from The Body Essiac Herbal Formula by Just Tea General Resources Pages with Links to Many Services Living with HIV/AIDS resources HIV Services - Maryland from HIVServices.com AIDS Resource Guide: List of Many Local Services State and City AIDS Programs Local AIDS services and other useful sites Baltimore City Resources AIDS Resources from HAVEN The Maryland AIDS Administration Resource Center Case Management Services Managed care case management requirements A listing of case management services organizations in Maryland State of Maryland programs including case management AIDS Resource Guide: Listing of case management programs Baltimore City Health Department, including case management Another listing of case management services in Maryland Hopkins AIDS Services Family Issues Casey Family Services -Maryland- Support for fragile families Family and Children's Services of Central Maryland Family Support Center Center for Families and the Pediatric AIDS Program University of Maryland School of Social Work Day/Respite care and foster care Mental Health Resources Substance Abuse Treatment Resources Alternative Pharmacy Programs Local Support Groups Emergency Assistance, and Non-Emergency Assistance Programs Emergency food resources Listing of emergency food programs Financial assistance Housing shelters TEMHA (Transitional Emergency, Medical and Housing Assistance) Transportation assistance The Ryan White CARE (Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency) Act was originally signed August 18, 1990, as a federal program designed to improve the quality and availability of care for persons with HIV/AIDS and their families. The Act was amended and reauthorized in May 1996 with four years of funding at levels determined annually as part of the federal budget process. The Program is administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) which is within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The Project HOME AIDS Program provides supportive housing for single adults infected with the HIV virus, in the private homes of Maryland citizens certified by the state to provide room, board, and assisted care. State AIDS Hotline—Maryland
Tel: 800-638-6252 (within MD)
800-358-9001 (AIDS administration, toll-free in US)
410-767-5013 (outside MD)
Maryland Department of Public Health
500 North Calvert Street, Floor 5
Baltimore, MD 21202
Tel: 410-767-5994
Web: www.dhmh.state.md.us or www.dhmh.state.md.us/AIDS (HIV-specific)
Services: Provides education, prevention, health and social services.
AIDS Action Baltimore
2105 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Tel: 410-837-AIDS (2437)
Web: www.aidsactionbaltimore.org
Eml: baltoaids@aol.com
Services: Nonprofit organization provides advocacy, financial, housing and medical assistance, education and information.
Bringing Wellness & Healthcare to Communities
PO Box 6787
9200 Basil Court, Suite 203
Upper Marlboro, MD 20792
Tel: 901-772-3999
Services: Case management, education, support groups, referrals, health care assistance, emergency financial assistance and psychiatry services for PWAs.
Chase Brexton Health Services
1001 Cathedral Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
Tel: 410-837-2050
Web: www.chasebrexton.org
Services: Medical, psychological, and social services, including those at risk for, and affected by, HIV disease.
Deaf AIDS Project Family Service Foundation
2310 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Tel: 888-840-3266 (toll-free), 410-889-8040 x27 (voice), or 410-889-8077 (TTY)
Web: www.deafvision.net/dap
Eml: FSFDAP@aol.com
Services: Provides condom distribution and outreach programs. Also provides an online resource guide at www.deafvision.net/dap/aab. Food & Friends
58 L Street, SE
Washington, DC 20003
Tel: 202-488-8278 or 202-554-2944 (TDD)
Web: www.foodandfriends.org
Services: Prepares, packages and delivers meals and groceries to residents of parts of Maryland, Virginia and Washington DC who are living with HIV. Health Education Resource Organization (HERO)
101 West Read Street, Suite 825
Baltimore, MD 21201
Tel: 410-685-1180 (office), 410-545-4774 (helpline), or 800-376-HERO (4376) (toll-free, out of area code)
Web: www.critpath.org/aric/pwarg/local/hero.htm
Services: Nonprofit organization offers case management, mental health assistance, legal aid, education and information. HIV/AIDS Volunteer Enrichment Network (HAVEN)
PO Box 514
Arnold, MD 21012
Tel: 410-224-AIDS (2437)
Web: www.HAVENAnnapolis.org
Eml: HAVENinc@aol.com
Services: Nonprofit organization provides support and buddy programs and housing, transportation, food and financial assistance. Johns Hopkins AIDS Service
Web: www.hopkins-aids.edu
Eml: feedback@hopkins-aids.edu
The primary sources of tension in adolescence today include academic pressure, relationship difficulties with peers, conflicts with parents and pressure to succeed. Source: Adolescent Counseling Services, 2007 Substance use in young adults and adolescents has been consistently associated with academic failure. Source: Wills, Vaccaro & McNamara, 1992. The general level of academic achievement of American elementary and secondary school students falls below that of their peers in other developed countries. Source: Crystal et al. 1994 For more information on PRAISE, go to http://praiseacademy.homestead.com/index.html. Source: American Psychological Association- Public Policy Office http://www.apa.org/ppo/issues/pschoolbased.html.
Three Tiered Prevention Model Primary Interventions: focus on reducing new cases of problem behavior(s). Example- school wide programs Secondary Interventions: focus on reducing current cases of problem behavior(s). Example-classroom programs Tertiary Interventions: focus on reducing complications, intensity, and severity of current cases. Example-individual based programs
Source: PBIS 2007 http://www.pbis.org/schoolwide.htm#PositiveSocialBehavior The purpose of school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is to establish a climate in which appropriate behavior is the norm. Source: Positive Behavior Interventions & Support (PBIS) 2007 http://www.pbis.org/schoolwide.htm#PositiveSocialBehavior Primary prevention, through positive behavior support, works for over 80% of all students in a given school. Primary prevention reduces the large number of office discipline referrals for minor behavior problems and provides a way to determine which students need more intensive intervention. Source: Sugai, Flannery & Edmonson, 2004 Improvements in the school-wide disciplinary climates of elementary and middle school environments are found through: - Reductions in office discipline referrals
- Reduction in problem behaviors in non-classroom settings
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