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| focusing on solutions with research, education, practice and policy change
Research on land use, energy issues and public health Energy use and the environmental consequences of this use are part of our conceptual framework. We are investigating links between the burden that abandoned mine lands (AML) leave in places to community and individual health outcomes. We are using geographic information systems to create summary measures of the burden of abandoned coal mines in three dimensions: physical hazards, aesthetic qualities and toxic contamination. For example, the density of physical hazards and accessibility to toxic contamination (e.g., acid mine drainage [AMD]) will be evaluated in relation to social disorganization, physical disorder and economic deprivation in communities, and then in relation to human health outcomes. This figure depicts how abandoned mine features can be distributed in places. In geographic information systems, such spatial data can be a point, a line or a polygon, depending on the feature. Our analysis will then convert the data into metrics relevant to human health. 
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