Agresti A. Analysis of Categorical Data. Wiley, New York, 1984.
Anthony JC, Leresche L, Niaz V, et al.
Limits of the “Mini-Mental” as a screening test for dementia and delirium among hospital patients. Psychology and Medicine 1982; 12:397-408.
Avlund K, Schultz-Larsen K, Kreiner S. The measurement of instrumental ADL: content validity and construct validity. Aging 1993; 5:371-383.
Baker SG. Marginal regression for repeated binary data subject to nonignorable nonresponse. Biometrics, 1995; 51:1042-52.
Bandeen-Roche K, Hall CB, Stewart WF, et al. Modeling disease progression in terms of exposure history. Statist Med, 1999(a); 18:2899-2916.
Benedict RHB, Schretlen D, Groninger L, Brandt J. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: Normative Data and Analysis of Inter-Form and Test-Retest Reliability. Clinical Neuropsychologist 1998; 12:43-55.
Bennett DA. Part I. Epidemiology and public health impact of Alzheimer’s disease. Dis Mon 2000 46:657-65.
Bollen KA. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: Wiley, 1989.
Boone KB, Miller BL, Lesser IM, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of white-matter lesions in healthy elderly subjects. A threshold effect. Archives Neurology 1992; 49:549-554.
Brandt J. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 1991; 6: 125-142.
Brown CH. Protecting against nonrandomly missing data in longitudinal studies. Biometrics, 1990; 46:143-155.
Carlson MC, Fried LP, Xue Q, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger SL, Brandt J. Association between executive attention and physical functional performance in community-dwelling older women. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 1999; 54B: S262-S270.
Carlson MC, Fried LP, Xue Q, Zeger SL, Brandt J. Association between executive attention and physical functional performance in community-dwelling older women. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 1999; 54B:S262-S270.
Carlson MC, Fried LP, Xue Q. Validation of a medication scheduling task. The Women’s Health and Aging Study II 2001. Submitted.
Carroll RJ and Ruppert D. Transformation and Weighting in Regression. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1988.
Cerella J, Hale S. The rise and fall in information-processing rates over the life span. Acta-Psychologica 1994; 86(2-3):109-197.
Chaves PHM, Garrett ES, Fried LP. Predicting the risk of mobility difficulty in older women with screening nomograms: the Women’s Health and Aging Study II. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000; 160:2525-2533.
Chu A, Maffeo CE, Lo A, Morganstein D, Bandeen-Roche KJ, Kasper JD. Sample design, weighting and estimation procedures, and computation of sampling errors - Appendix A. In Guralnik JM, Fried LP, Simonsick EM, Kasper JD, Lafferty ME. The Women's Health and Aging Study. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Aging, 1995; NIH Pub. No 95-4009.
Cook RD, Weisberg S. An introduction to regression graphics. Wiley, New York, 1994.
Corti, Williamson, Phillips et al 1995.
Creasey H and Rappoport SI. The aging human brain. Annals of Neurology 1985; 17: 2-10.
DeBettignies BH, Mahurin RK, Pirozzolo FJ. Insight for impairment in independent living skills in Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1990; 12:355-363.
Dempster AP, Laird NM, & Rubin DB. Maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (with discussion). J Royal Statist Soc B, 1977; 39:1-38.
Dempster FN. The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: Toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging. Developmental Review 1992; 12:45-75.
Diggle PJ, Liang K-Y and Zeger SL. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 1994.
Fitzmaurice GM, Laird NM. Analyzing incomplete longitudinal binary responses: a likelihood-based approach. Biometrics, 1994; 50:601-612.
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
Frank RM, Byrne GJ. The clinical utility of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test as a screening for mild dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000 Apr; 15(4):317-24.
Fried LP, Bandeen-Roche K, Chaves PHM, Johnson B. Preclinical mobility disability predicts incident mobility disability in older women. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2000; 55A: M43-M52.
Fried LP, Bandeen-Roche K, Kasper JD, Guralnik JM for the Women’s Health and Aging Study Collaborative Research Group. Association of comorbidity with disability in older women. J Clinical Epidemiology 1999; 52:27-37.
Fried LP, Bandeen-Roche K, Williamson JD, Pasada-Rao P, Chee E, Tepper S, et al. Functional decline in older adults: expanding methods of ascertainment. J Gerontol Med Sci 1996; 51A: M206-M214.
Fried LP, Bandeen-Roche K, Williamson JD, Pasada-Rao P, Chee E, Tepper S, et al. Functional decline in older adults: expanding methods of ascertainment. J Gerontol Med Sci 1996; 51A: M206-M214.
Fried LP, Ettinger WH, Lind B, et al. Physical disability in odler adults: A physiological approach. J Clinical Epidemiology 1994; 47:747-760.
Fried LP, Ettinger WH, Lind B, Newman AB, Gardin J, Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group. Physical disability in older adults: aphysiological approach. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47:747-760.
Fried LP, Herdman SJ, Kuhn KE et al. Preclinical disability: hypotheses about the bottom of the iceberg. J Aging Health 1991;3:285-300.
Fried LP, Kasper J, Williamson JD, Skinner EA, Morris CD, Hochberg MC. Disease ascertainment algorithms. In Guralnik JM, Fried LP, Simonsick EM, Kasper JD, Lafferty ME. The Women's Health and Aging Study. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Aging, 1995; NIH Pub. No 95-4009.
Fried LP, Young Y, Rubin G, Bandeen-Roche K. Self-reported preclinical disability identifies older women with early declines in performance and early disease. J Clin Epi 2001; 54:889-901.
Fukui T, Sugita K, Sato Y, et al. Cognitive functions in subjects with incidental cerebral hyperintensities. Eur Neurology 1994; 34:272-276.
Furner SE, Rudberg MA, Cassel CK. Medical conditions differentially affect the development of IADL disability: implications for medical care and research. Gerontologist 1995; 35: 444-450.
Furner SE, Rudberg MA, Cassel CK. Medical conditions differentially affect the development of IADL disability: implications for medical care and research. The Gerontologist 1995; 35:444-450.
Gill TM, Robison JT, Tinetti ME. Difficulty and Dependency: Two components of the disability continuum among community-living older persons. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:96-101.
Goodglass H, Kaplan E. Assessment of aphasia and other related disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. Distributed by Psychological Assessment Resources 1983, Odessa, FL.
Graham JE, Rockwood K, Beattie BL, et al. Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population. Lancet 1997; 349:1793-1796.
Gray SM, Brookmeyer R. Estimating a treatment effect from multidimensional longitudinal data. Biometrics, 1998; 54:976-988.
Gregg EW, Yaffe K, Cauley JA, et al. Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women? Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:174-180.
Grigsby J, Kaye K, Baxter J, et al. Executive cognitive abilities and functional status among community-dwelling older persons in the San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. J Am Geriatr Society 1998; 46: 590-596.
Grizzle JE. Allen DM. Analysis of growth and dose response curves. Biometrics, 1969; 25:357-381.
Guralnik JM, Branch LG, Cummings SR, Curb JD. Physical performance measures in aging research. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Science 1989; 44:M141-M146.
Guralnik JM, Fried LP, Simonsick EM, Kasper JD, Lafferty ME, eds. The Women’s Health and Aging Study: Health and Social Characteristics of Older Women with Disability. Bethesda, MD. National Institute on Aging 1995;NIH Pub. No. 95-4009.
Harman 1976.
Harris, T, Kovar MG, Suzman R, Kleinman JC, Feldman JJ. Longitudinal study of physical ability in the oldest old. Am J Public Health 1989; 79:698-702.
Holland P. Statistics and casual inference. J Am Statist Assoc, 1986; 81:945-961.
Ivnik RJ, Malec JF, Smith GE, Tangalos EG, Petersen RC. Neuropsychological Tests’ Norms Above Age 55: COWAT, BNT, MAE Token, WRAT-R Reading, AMNART, STROOP, TMT, and JLO. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 1996; 10(No.3):262-278.
Jette AM, Branch LG, Berlin J. Musculoskeletal impairments and physical disablement among the aged. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Swciences 1990;45:M203-208.
Jorm AF, Jacomb PA. The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychological Medicine 1989; 19:1015-1022.
Jorm AF, Jolley D. The Incidence of dementia : A Meta-Analysis. Neurology 1998; 51(3):728-733.
Jorm AF. Assessment of cognitive impairment and dementia using informant reports. Clinical Psychology Review 1996; 16:51-73.
Judge JO, Schechtman K, Cress E, FICSIT Group. The relationship between physical performance measures and independence in instrumental activities of daily living. JAGS 1996; 44:1332-1341.
Judge JO, Schechtman K, Cress E. The relationship between physical performance measures and independence in instrumental activities of daily living. The FICSIT Group. Frailty and Injury: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Trials. J Am Geriatri Society 1996; 44: 1332-1341.
Junque C, Pujol J, Vendrell P, et al. Leuko-araiosis magnetic resonance imaging and speed of mental processes. Archives of Neurology 1990; 47: 151-156.
Keller DM, Kovar MG, Jobe JB, Branch LG. Problems eliciting elders’ reports of functional status. J Aging and Health 1993; 5:306-318.
Laird NM, Lange N, Stram D. Maximum likelihood computations with repeated measures: application of the EM algorithm. J Am Statist Assoc, 1987; 82:97-105.
Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 1982; 38:963-974.
Laird NM. Missing data in longitudinal studies. Statist Med, 1988; 7:305-315.
Lawrence RH, Jette AM. Disentangling the disablement process. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 1996; 51B:S173-S182.
Lee, H., Swanwick, G.R., Coen, R.F., & Lawlor, B.A. (1996). Use of the clock drawing task in the diagnosis of mild and very mild Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics 1996; 8:469-476.
Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment, Third Edition. New York: Oxford University Press 1995.
Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika, 1986; 73:13-21.
Manton KG, Corder L, Stallard E. Chronic disability trends in elderly United States populations: 1982-1994. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997; 94(6):2593-2598.
Matsubayashi K, Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Ozawa T. Incidental brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and neurobehavioral functions in the apparently healthy elderly. Stroke 1992; 23: 175-180.
McCue M, Rogers JC, & Goldstein G. Relationships between neuropsychological and functional assessment in elderly neuropsychiatric patients. Rehabilitation Psychology 1990; 35:91-99.
McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J.A. Generalized Linear Models. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1989.
McCullagh, P. Regression models for ordinal data (with discussion). J Royal Stat Soc B 1980; 42:109-142.
Mittelmark MB, Psaty BM, Rautaharju PM, Fried LP, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137:311-317.
Murden RA, McRae TD, Kaner S, et al. Mini-Mental State exam scores vary with education in Blacks and Whites. J Am Geriatr Society 1991; 39: 149-155.
Nathan J, Wilkinson D, Stammers S, Low JL. The role of tests of frontal executive function in the detection of mild dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001 Jan; 16(1):18-26.
Pastor 1998
Peterson RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, et al. Mild cognitive impairment. Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology 1999; 56:303-308.
Potter JM, Evans AL, et al. Gait speed and activities of daily living function in geriatric patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1995; 76:997-999.
Raudenbush SW and Bryk AS. A hierarchical model for studying school effects. Sociology of Education, 1986; 59:1-17.
Reid W, Broe G, Creasey H, Grayson D, McCusker E, Bennett H, Longley W, Sulway MR. Age at onset and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in mild early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. A study of a community-based population. Arch Neurol 1996 Oct; 53(10):1056-61.
Reitan RM, Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and clinical interpretation. 1993 Tucson, AZ. Neuropsychology Press.
Reitan, R.M. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1958; 8:271-276.
Richardson ED, Nadler JD, Malloy PF. Neuropsychologic prediction of performance measures of daily living skills in geriatric patients. Neuropsychology 1995; 9(No.4):565-572.
Ritchie K, Artero S, Touchon J. Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: A population-based validation study. Neurology 2001; 56:37-42.
Ritchie K, Touchon J. Mild cognitive impairment: conceptual basis and current nosological status. Lancet 2001; 355:225-228.
Robins JM. Marginal structural models verses structural nested models as tools for causal inference, in Statistical Models in Epidemiology: The Environment and Clinical Trials, eds. Halloran ME and Berry D, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1999: 95-134.
Rubin DB. Estimating casual effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. J Ed Psychol, 1974; 66:688-701.
Rubin, DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley, New York, 1987.
Sager MA, Dunham NC, Schwantes A, Mecum L, Halverson K, Harlowe D.
Measurement of activities of daily living in hospitalized elderly: a comparison of self-report and performance-based methods. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:457-462.
Salthouse TA. Speed mediation of adult age differences in cognition. Developmental Psychology; 1993; 29:722-738.
Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H, Dusek T, et al. Neuropsychologic correlates of MRI white matter hyperintensities: a study of 150 normal volunteers. Neurology 1993; 43: 2490-2494.
Schretlen, D. The Brief Test of Attention. 1998 Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Schroeder 1998.
Shaw TG, Mortel KF, Meyer JS, et al. Cerebral blood flow changes in benign aging and cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 855-862.
Shimamura AP. Memory and the prefrontal cortex. Annals N Y Academy of Science 1995; 769: 151-159.
Skurla E, Rogers JC, Sunderland T. Direct assessment of activities of daily living in Alzheimer’s disease. A controlled study. J Am Geriatr Society 1988; 36: 97-103.
Smith PL. Splines as a useful and convenient statistical tool. Am Statistician, 1979; 33:57-6.
Spector WD, Katz S, Murphy JB, Fulton JP: The hierarchical relationship between activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. J Chron Dis 1987; 40:481-89.
Spreen O., Strauss E. A compendium of neuropsychological tests. New York: Oxford University Press. 1991.
Stuss DT and Benson DF. Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin 1984; 95: 3-28.
Terry RD, Hansen LA, DeTeresa R, et al. Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type without neocortical neurofibrillary tangles. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1987; 46: 262-268.
Tombaugh TN, McDowell I, Kristjansson B, Hubley AM. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Modified MMSE (3MS): A psychometric comparison and normative data. Psychological Assessment 1996; 8:48-59.
Verbrugge LM, Jette AM. The disablement process. Soc. Sci. Med. 1994; 38:1-4.
Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation 1987.
Wegman EJ, Wright IW. Spines in statistics. J Am Statist Assoc, 1983; 78:351-65.
Welsh K, Butters N, Hughs J, Mohs R, Heyman A. Detection of abnormal memory decline in mild cases of Alzheimer's disease using CERAD neuropsychological measures. Archives of Neurology 1991; 48(No.3):278-281.
Willis SL, Allen-Burge R, Dolan MM, Bertrand RM, Yesavage J, Taylor JL. Everyday problem solving among individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Gerontologist 1998 Oct; 38(5):569-77.
Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression rating scale: A preliminary report. J Psych Research 1983;17:37-49.
Zimmerman SI, Magaziner J. Methodological issues in measuring the functional status of cognitively impaired nursing home residents: The use of proxies and performance-based measures. Alzheimer’s Disease and Associated Disorders 1994; 8:S281-S290.
