To address the high rate of mortality associated with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and to rationalize antibiotic use, WHO launched a program for the control of ARI. Standard ARI case management recommends that children with chest in-drawing (severe pneumonia) be admitted to hospital and treated with parenteral antibiotics and supportive therapy. For the severe pneumonia patients the program recommends either injectable benzyl penicillin or ampicillin every six hours for at least three days. After the child has improved, it is recommended to switch to oral ampicillin or amoxicillin or to daily procaine penicillin injections to finish a course of at least five days. The goal of this multicenter INCLEN intervention study was to evaluate whether it is safe to treat children ages 3 to 59 months with pneumonia and lower chest in-drawing (WHO-defined severe pneumonia) with oral amoxicillin. The GRA (with funding from USAID) supported the site in Egypt, which concluded that oral amoxycillin is safe and effective in treating pneumonia in children in an ambulatory setting when given for five days in a dose of 80-90 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. Principal Investigator: Narendra Arora (INCLEN) | 
